To begin with, typical people, be they humans or otherwise, only have power in numbers. And that's not a metaphor, literally the more people focus their minds onto a single event or result, the more they can influence that event and result. Religions are built upon this concept and designed around giving the leadership of said religion the power to ascend to higher power.
The next step up are Magi, which are defined as individuals that manipulate Aether through force of will. Literally anyone can be a magi with the right training, as the fundamental nature of existence in this setting is built around force of will as the drive behind everything else.
A step above the Magi are Archmages or archemagi, whichever pronunciation you choose. These are Magi who have honed their abilities to such an extent that they have become extremely powerful, to the point of being seen as Gods by some. Entities such as Zeus, Odin, Thor, Buddha, etc. would all be considered Archmagi by the definitions of this setting.
Even further beyond Archemagi are beings referred to as Godkin, Elders, Ancients, Ascended, etc. The catch all term referring to this group is "outers". The Outer is essentially an Archmage who has, through their understanding of the nature of the cosmos, achieved a form of immortality. They have essentially discarded the need for a physical body and have essentially become a being of Sentient Will. The Bibilical god, holy ghost, etc would be the closest example of this level of power. They do not require a physical body, but may sometimes manifest a physical avatar to serve as a tool to achieve their goals. This is specifically because an Outer's power is so great that they can no longer interact with material sphere directly, in the same way that it is essentially impossible for a human to directly interact with individual cells without specialized tools.
Furthermore, due to no longer requiring an organic body, an Outer is the only type of being that can freely traverse through the different layers of the cosmos.
It is important to note that while it is possible to, through study and practice of Magic, become an Outer, they also come to form naturally within some of the other layers. It is only in the Material Sphere that an Outer may find themselves safe from others of their kind, though oft only because of significant distance.
And the last step beyond outers is one that cannot be achieved normally, the Eldritch. These are, in short, beings of pure willpower akin to the first ones from the beginning of the cosmos. The Harmony is composed of such beings, and their forms are equal to planes of existence all their own. Liken these to "great Old ones" from bloodborne or even Chaos Gods from WH40k. They are fundamental forces of power, alien in their existence, the truest "gods" mortals like us will ever know.
Having said that, there are new Eldritch being formed in this setting. In truth the entire reason behind the establishment of the Firmament, and the core and reality as it is in this setting is dedicated solely to the formation of new Eldritch, for it is all but impossible for these beings of power to produce children or offspring, they cannot make new versions of themselves without great effort.
But that is the entire point of the cosmos and the Harmony. For ever so rarely, the chaotic possibilities within the firmament will give rise to what is called a Sorcerer
Now, Some other settings may confuse people on the difference between a Magi and a sorcerer so I'll set it straight here, but it's also set straight in the index of terms as well.
A magi, as stated, is a person who manipulates Aether through force of will. Their powers are limited by their knowledge of the cosmos and the interactions between various forces. Pretty much anyone and everyone can be a Magi, as it only requires study and learning.
A sorcerer is a person who rewrites reality at their whim. Their powers are limited ONLY by their imagination and determination. Sorcerer's are so rare that entire galaxies can be born, grow, and die without even ONE Sorcerer coming from it. Being a Sorcerer requires a unique quirk of willpower that cannot be cultivated, grown, or trained. You are quite literally born with it, or you do not have it.
Some of you reading this may have already come to the conclusion: The way a sorcerer operates is exactly the same as how the Eldritch created the firmament, simply by willing it so. This is the point and purpose of things, a Sorcerer is essentially a newborn Eldritch, and given time they will grow in power, ascending through all the stages to eventually become Eldritch on their own, but by their very nature they will find no aid from other Eldritch. And in fact some Eldritch will actively seek to destroy a sorcerer before it can grow in power.
There are other differences, but those are the key ones. For the most part, Sorcerers and Magi function essentially the same, the only difference is the end point.